Journal: Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica

Article Title: Clear Cell Foci as Precursors of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha–inactivated Hepatocellular Adenoma in a Metabolic Syndrome Mouse Model

doi: 10.1267/ahc.25-00053

Figure Lengend Snippet: β-Klotho and FGF21 immunoreactivity in hepatic lesions of a 40-week-old TSOD mouse. ( A – C ) Representative views of CCF on H&E. ( D ) Serial section of the same regions as ( A ), stained for β-Klotho, revealing strong immunoreactivity corresponding to the CCF. ( E ) Serial section of the same regions as ( B ), stained for FGF21, revealing weak immunoreactivity corresponding to the CCF. ( F ) Serial section of the same regions as ( C ), stained for FGF21, revealing no immunoreactivity corresponding to the CCF. Arrows indicate CCF.

Article Snippet: FGF21 (Bioss Antibodies bs-2318R) , Rabbit polyclonal , 1:100.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Metformin increases glycolysis and the stress-induced cytokine GDF15 but not FGF21 in humans

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1797525

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of metformin on circulating GDF15 and FGF21. (a) Serum GDF15 (b) and serum FGF21 in healthy individuals fasted for 42 h without (white) and with (black) prior metformin (MET) treatment for seven days. Data is given in mean +/- SEM. #p<0.0001.

Article Snippet: FGF21 was measured on fasting serum samples by the human FGF21 Quantikine ® ELISA assay essentially as described (R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Metformin increases glycolysis and the stress-induced cytokine GDF15 but not FGF21 in humans

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1797525

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metformin increases mRNA levels of GDF15 in human intestinal Caco-2 cells with no related increase in FGF21. Relative mRNA expression of GDF15, FGF21, SLC2A1 , and the ISR genes ATF4 and DDIT3 in differentiated Caco-2 cells after (a) 6 h or (b) 22 h without treatment (0 mM) or 0.3 mM, 1 mM, or 3 mM metformin treatment at media glucose concentrations of 5.5 mM (c) Raw ct values of GDF15 and FGF21 at 5.5 mM glucose. n = 6-8, 2 wells from 4 independent experiments evaluated in parallel. The data is presented as mean +/- SEM. **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, and ****p<0.0001 as indicated.

Article Snippet: FGF21 was measured on fasting serum samples by the human FGF21 Quantikine ® ELISA assay essentially as described (R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Metformin increases glycolysis and the stress-induced cytokine GDF15 but not FGF21 in humans

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1797525

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 secretion is increased in Caco-2 cells upon chronic metformin treatment. (a) GDF15 concentration in media collected from non-treated (0 mM) Caco-2 cells kept in media with glucose concentrations of 5.5 mM, 11 mM, or 25 mM or from cells treated with 0.3 mM, 1 mM, or 3 mM metformin at similar glucose concentrations. (b) A schematic representation of metformin-stimulated GDF15 secretion from Caco-2 cells, where FGF21 protein levels were undetectable. n = 8, 2 wells from 4 independent experiments evaluated in parallel. The data is presented as mean +/- SEM. **p<0.01, determined by two-way ANOVA analysis with Dunnett correction. Figure 3b is created in BioRender. Møller, P. (2025) https://BioRender.com/o87c709 .

Article Snippet: FGF21 was measured on fasting serum samples by the human FGF21 Quantikine ® ELISA assay essentially as described (R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Inducible Impairment of Polymerase Gamma Activity in Cardiomyocytes Promotes Severe Cardiomyopathy with Cardiac Hepatopathy

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.17.706486

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Immunoblot of phosphorylated and total eIF2α in LV from PolG Mut and PolG Con mice at 30 weeks post-Tam (n=5/group), with (B) corresponding densitometry ratio of phosphorylated to total eIF2α. (C) Immunoblot of phosphorylated and total eIF2α was repeated in LV from PolG Mut and PolG Con mice at 20, 24 and 28 weeks post-Tam (n=4/group/timepoint) with (D) corresponding densitometry ratios. Expression of genes (qPCR) associated with (E) amino acid and 1-Carbon metabolism, and genes associated with folate metabolism within (F) the mitochondria and (G) the cytosol, in LV from PolG Mut and PolG Con mice at 30 weeks post-Tam, (n=9/group). Gene expression was repeated in LV from PolG Mut mice at 20 (n=5), 24 (n=5), and 28 weeks post-Tam (n=6) relative to PolG Con mice at 20 weeks post-Tam (n=5) for (H) amino acid and 1-Carbon metabolism, and genes associated with folate metabolism within (I) the mitochondria and (J) the cytosol. (K) Fgf21 and (L) Gdf15 gene expression (qPCR) in LV from PolG Mut mice at 20 (n=5), 24 (n=5) and 28 (n=6) weeks post-Tam and PolG Con mice at 20 (n=5), 24 (n=5) and 28 (n=5) weeks post-Tam (relative to PolG Con mice at 20 weeks post-Tam). Plasma protein concentration of (M) FGF21 and (N) GDF15 in PolG Mut and PolG Con mice at 3, 9, 13, 17, 20, 24, and 30 weeks post-Tam (FGF21: 3, 9, 13, 17 weeks n=4, 20, 24 weeks n=8, 30 weeks n=7; GDF15: 3, 9, 13, 17, 20, 24 weeks n=8, 30 weeks n=7). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, with P-value between control and mutant biological replicates determined by two-way ANOVA with correction for multiple comparisons (H-J: P-value compared with PolG Con mice at 20 weeks post-Tam) , unpaired welch t-test (D, E, G, K, L) or Mann-Whitney test (B, F, M, N) . Source data for these figures are provided in the Source Data file.

Article Snippet: Commercial ELISA kits for FGF21 (R&D Systems, #MF2100) and GDF15 (R&D Systems, #MGD150) were used to measure respective plasma concentration as per manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Gene Expression, Clinical Proteomics, Protein Concentration, Control, Mutagenesis, MANN-WHITNEY